Much of the information presented in this chapter was obtained while conducting research in Ethiopia over a six-year period (1990 - 1996). The WCS, International Livestock Research Institute, Oxford Famine Relief Fund (OXFAM), ZSL, and Canadian Embassy, under a cooperative agreement with the EWCO, provided the funds and opportunity to conduct this research. Contributors to this chapter include: Dr. J. C. Hillman (WCS); Mr. Tesfaye Hundessa (EWCO); Ms. S. Edwards and Drs. Tewolde Berhanu G/E (Addis Ababa University); Mr. N. Roussos (Rift Valley Safaris); Mr. Seth Malvern (Swedish Philadelphia Mission); Dr. C. Futterknecht (CARE); and Ms. E. Brennan (GOAL-Ireland).