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appendix 1: Thick-billed Parrot observations Included in this list are two reports (2 and 4) from other observers.
Southern Durango
1) Monte Oscuro (figure 10) 23'17'52"N 104'58'23"W, 2300 m. 25 January 1995
at 11.25 hrs. Group of 30 parrots flying around and screaming loudly. Perched
briefly in dead pine. Disappeared out of the canyon at 11.35 firs, did not spend
the night there. Old-growth pine-oak canyon forest.
2) Just south of Cerro Gordo (figure 10), approximately at 23'12'03"N 104'56'10"W, 2900 in. 26 November 1992. Two groups of Thick-billed Parrots, about 50 in total, foraging on the cones of Pinus lumholizii. Observed by Ing. JuliAn Bautista, Roger Otto and Federico Casillas. Recently cut-over mesa forest.
Western Durango
3) San Blas 24'27'56"N 106"08'40"W, 2160 m.15 March 1995 at 17.20 hrs. Group
of about 40 birds foraged on the cones of Pinus lumholtzii 200 rn west of village.
At 17.55 hrs. an over flying Red-tailed Hawk caused panic among the parrots,
Who flew and grouped in the air. Probably a different group of about 32 Thick-billed
Parrots was seen to go roosting on a steep slope facing NW at approximately
24-27'18"N 106-07'48"W, 2500 m. of elevation Oust below a 2540 in top). Due
to the' great distance it was not possible to see if the birds went to sleep
in pines or on the cliffs. Probably the same group of about 30 flew over San
Blas the next morning at 6.55 firs, heading north. At 7.30 hrs a bigger group,
possibly the 40 of 15 March, perched and foraged on cones of Pinus lumholtzii
pines at the north edge of the village. At 8.15 it started moving to the north-west.
Village surrounded by secondary pine-oak forest, with tropical influences (e.g.
palms in canyons) from nearby Pacific slope.
4) San Josd de las Causas 24'01'20"N 105'46'33"W, 2440 m. Second week of January 1995. Group of 120 parrots foraging on the cones of Pinus cooperi. Possibly the same group was seen earlier the same day 9 km to the east, also foraging on Pinus cooperi, at 24"02'00"N 105"41'20"W, 2650 m of elevation. Observers Ing. Javier Emilio Saenz and Jeffrey R. Bacon. Secondary pine-oak forest.
5) Las Bufas (figure 13) 24-21-18"N 106-09'48"W, 2820 in. 28 September 1995. Casimiro Astorga showed large hole in big pine snag where he saw two Thick-billed Parrots two days earlier. A group of 6 Thick-billed Parrots flew over. Selectively cut mesa forest.
6) Las Bufas (figure 13) 24'22'55"N 106'1 1'37"W, 2720 M. 2 October 1995. Carmelo Meraz from Sta. Gertrudis showed 2 snags with holes where Thick-billed Parrots bred last year. Four parrots flew over. Selectively cut mesa forest.
NW Durango
7) Near La Tableta 25036'17"N 106"59'50"W, 2090 rn. 13 May 1995 at 14.35 hrs.
Approximately 13 Thick-billed Parrots feeding on the cones of Pinus engelmanii.
The parrots cut leaves around cones with their beaks to obtain better access
to the cones. Selectively cut pine-oak forest.
8) Quebrada de Peftol 26'04'31"N 106'07'00"W, 2588 in. 11 September 1995 at 9.30 hrs. Group of 25 parrots flying north through canyon. On 13 September a group of 6 to 8 parrots flying north. Old-growth canyon pine-oak forest with Pinus arizonica and P. lumholtzii on steep slopes.
9) La Quebrada 26'01'01"N 106'09'49"W, 2600 in.14 September 1995 at 12.33 hrs. Four Thick-billed Parrots feeding on cones of Pinus chihuahuana. Secondary mesa pineoak forest.
Central Chihuahua
10) Corneraque 28'36'3 I"N 108'10'30"W, 2400 m. II June 1995 at 12.30 hrs. Two
birds foraging in unidentified pine. Selectively cut pine-oak forest.
11) West of ChachAmuri 28'4U27"N 108'10'43"W, 2000 m. I I June 1995 at 14.48 hrs. Group of 12 birds flying over. Selectively cut pine-oak forest.
12) Cebadillita, 28"35125"N 1081112'05"W, 2500 m. 22 and 23 August 1995. Nest in dead top of Pinus qyacahuite. Apart from the pair at the nest, four more birds were seen flying around. Selectively cut pine-oak forest with many snags left.
13) Near Cebadilla, (figure 30) 28'35'30"N 108"13'14"W, 2500 m. 23 August 1995. Pair with nest inPinus ayacahuite snag. Selectively cut pine-oak forest with many snags left.
14) Cebadilla (figure 30) 28'38'38"N 108'15'57"W, 2700 m. 23 August 1995. Pair with nest in dead top of Pinus ayacahuite. Selectively cut pine-oak forest with many snags left.
Northem-Chihuahu
15) Rancho El GavilAn 30"01'55"N 108"30'39"W, 1800 rn. 3 July - 13 July 1995.
Pairs and groups visited a 23 m high waterfall on 14 occasions, mostly between
18.00 and 19.00 firs but also in the morning. The largest group consisted of
23 birds on 12 July at 7.45 firs. Dry secondary pine-oak forest.
16) Los Azules 30'14'06"N 108'33'01"W, 2200 m. 19 July 1995 at 11.00 firs. One parrot flying east to a spot where a second bird was calling. Secondary and selectively cut pine-oak forest.
17) Mesa Las Guacamayas (figure 29) 30'33'07'N 108"36'50"W, 2610 m. 2 August 1995 at 9.32 firs. Two Thick-billed Parrots hanging around snag with hole, spending some time in hole (feeding young ?). 3 August at. 8.30 hrs. Same pair going in and out hole. Five other pairs inspecting holes: non-breeders? 4 August pair at same hole. Clearcut and secondary pine-oAk forest interspersed with old-growth Pseudotsuga stands.
Northern Sonora
18) Near El Macho 29"46'32"N 108"47'12"W, 1850 m. 15 July 1995 at 12.17 hrs.
Parrots (probably two) were heard calling. Selectively cut pine-oak forest.
19) Rancho La Tinaja de Moreno (figure 28) 30'06'05"N 108"41'29"W, 1900 m. 21 July 1995 at II. 14 firs. Thick-billed Parrots (probably two) were heard calling to the south. Old-growth dry open pine-oak forest with large pines in canyons.
| location (report) | Mesa las Guacamayas | Cebadillita | near Cebadilla | Cebadilla |
| (17) | (12) | (13) | (14) | |
| altitude | 2610 m | 2500 m | 2500 m | 2700 M |
| snag or stub | snag | stub | snag | stub |
| species | Pseudotsuga sp. |
Pinus ayacahuite |
Pinus ayacahuite |
Pinus ayacahuite |
| height tree | 22.7 m. | 16.6 rn | 20.1 m. | 25.7 M |
| height nest | 21.8 M | 14.4 m | 14.8 m | 20.3 m |
| diameter tree at breast height | 1.10 m | 0.51 m | 0.49 m, | 0.64 m |
| proportion of trunk covered in bark (estimated) | 80% | 90 % | 65 % | 70% |
| orientation slope | 31° | 180° | 284° | 48° |
| estimated inclination slope | 25 % | 45 % | 35 % | 2 % |
| vegetation (number of trees higher than 2 m. in a circular plot with a Rleiophyla diameter of 20 m around 5 , 9 , 23, 46, nesting tree) |
P. ayacahuite 11, |
P. ayacahuite 11, |
P. ayacahuite 4, P. arizonica 23, Pseudotsuga sp. 7, Quercus sp. 14 |
P. ayacahuite 6, P. arizonica 46, |
Table 3. Measurements of Thick-billed Parrot nest trees
Tabla 3. Medidas de los drboles con nidos de Cotorra Serrana
appendix 2: Eared Trogon observations Northern Jalisco
1) Rancho Bolantin 21°55'00"N 103°52'18"W, 2520 m. 13 December 1994 at 7.50 hrs. Two birds calling, both seen. Were shy. Dry open selectively cut forest, with some tall pines left.
2) Baji-O del Tule 22°01'00"N 103°54'36"W, 2450 m. II December 1994 at 11.30 hrs. Two birds calling, heard only. Steep NW slope with open and dry pine-oak forest. Some standing dead pines with holes of smaller woodpeckers (potential nest holes for Eared Trogon). Hundred m higher on the same slope active logging was going on.
3) Bajfo del Tule 22°01'04"N 103°54'2 1 "W, 2550 rn. II December 1994 at 12.30 hrs. Three birds calling, two of them seen. Were very shy. One of the calling birds possibly was a female. This spot is only a few hundred meters from location 2 and might well involve the same birds. Dry open secondary pine-oak forest, active logging going on. Sample of tree species collected at this spot: Pinus lumholtzii, Pinus chihuahuana, Pi?w oocarpa, Quercus sp.
El Carricito (figure 26) 4) 21°51'50"N 103°53'28"W, 2020 rn. 27 November 1994 at 16.45 hrs. One bird calling, heard only. Selectively cut pine-oak forest, at steep slope near small stream, with dense undergrowth of small oaks and bushes.
5) 21°49'00"N 103°54'06"W, 2200 m. 28 November 1994 at 17.45 hrs. One bird calling, heard only. Old-growth pine-oak forest, at steep slope near small stream, with dense undergrowth of small oaks and bushes. At the same locality one Eared Trogon was heard on I December 1994 at 7.45 and 1 1.30 hrs.
6) 21°43'24"N 103°'53'50"W, 2420 m. 18 December 1994 at 14. 10 hrs. One bird calling, heard only. Dry open old-growth pine-oak forest.
7) 21°42'38"N 103°54'22"W, 2475 m. 18 December 1994 at 17.05 hrs. One bird calling, heard only. Old-growth dry open pine-oak forest on steep slope. The following morning a tape with the call of the Eared Trogon was played here but no reaction came. This locality is 1250 m from locality 6 but probably involves another bird since it was at the other side of a high mountain top.
8) 21°39'46"N 103°54'59"W, 2600 m. 19 December 1994 at 16.30 hrs. One bird calling, heard only. Old-growth dry open pine-oak forest with tall trees on steep N slope of barranca. Running water was found 150 m lower.
9) 21°41'56"N 103°53'49"W, 2500 m. 19 December 1994 at 10.30 hrs. Two or three birds calling, two of thern seen. Secondary dry open pine-oak forest on W slope. On 21 December at 12. 1 0 hrs one Eared Trogon was calling 150 m to the north on this slope, probably one of the same birds.
10) 21°44-25"N 103°53'33"W, 2520 m. 21 December 1994 at 17.00 hrs. One bird calling, heard only. Selectively cut pine-oak forest with tall trees (both pines and oaks) left, at border of large clearing. On 22 December at 17.30 hrs an Eared Trogon was calling 200 m to the west, at the other side of the clearing. On 23 December at 7.50 hrs two or three Eared Trogons, were heard calling at the same spot as the 21 December location.
11) 21°45'13"N 103°52'42"W, 2375 m. 22 December 1994 at 9.50 hrs. One bird calling, heard only. Old-growth dry open pine-oak forest on steep W slope.
12) 21°46'01"N 103°53'19"W, 2475 in. 23 December 1994 at 10.00 hrs. One bird calling, heard only. Dry open pine-oak forest on steep slope.
13) 21°51'22"N 103°52-25"W, 2440 in. 19 October 1995. One bird calling and 'whistling'. Old-growth dry open pine-oak forest with Pinus durangensis and P. michoacana.
14) 21°54'29"N 103°52'21"W, 2450 in. 19 October 1995. Two birds heard calling, a third Eared Trogon with a greyish head and upper neck (probably juvenile) was seen. Humid oak forest with large oaks forming the canopy.
Southern and Central Durango
15) Monte Oscuro (figure 10) 23°17'50"N 104°58'42"W, 2050 m. 25 January
1995 and 26 January 1995, and 8 August 1996. In January the shy trogons moved
in a group and were almost constantly calling. On 25 January there were at least
8 individuals, on 26 January at least 16 at the same spot. FMCO heard an Eared
Trogon'whistling'within 500 m of this locality on 8 August 1996. Lush riparian
forest (old-growth) along mostly dry stream. Big pines, firs and hardwoods,
among them 'capulin'. Temperature in this forest considerably higher than in
surroundings. Forest on slopes of surrounding canyon dry open old-growth pine-oak
forest, with small Pinus lumholtzii pines.
16) Chornonques, near La Formación (figure 11) 23'27'19"N 105129'33"W, 2200 in. 12 February 1995 at 10.00 hrs. One bird calling, heard only. Steep slope with dry open pine-oak forest, on N-edge of village Chomonques.
17) Mexiquillo (figure 12) 23°42'12"N 105°40'02"W, 2200 in. 5 March 1995 at 10. 10 hrs and 14.30 hrs. Group of at least 10 individuals (both males and females, shy) calling and 'whistling'. Old-growth open pine-oak forest in relatively broad canyon. Big pines and firs. On steep slopes of surrounding canyon dry open pine-oak forest with Pinus lumholtzii.
18) Road to Cerro Buenavista (figure 13) 24°30'46"N 106°13'57"W, 2320 m. 11 March 1995 at 11.30 hrs. and on 12 March 1995 at 14.30 hrs. On both days a pair was seen on roots sticking out of a wall along a dirt road before our truck. As long as we stayed in the car the birds were not shy. On 12 March an additional 4 individuals were seen 100 in higher on the slope (the pair on the road apparently was part of a group of at least 6 individuals). Old-growth open pine-oak forest, dominated by oaks, many madrofios Arbutus arizonica. At 200 in a stand of big firs. Steep slope.
19) La Soledad de Rodriguez, approximately at 24°'57'45"N 106°17'30"W, 2300 M. 28 and 29 September 1995. Eared Trogons were heard calling. Selectively-logged mesa forest.
Piélagos regim (flgure 14)
20) Arroyo El Gentil, east of Piélagos 24°44'25"N 105°49'39"W,
2200 m. 1 April 1995 at 1 1.00 hrs. One bird was heard calling. Old-growth dry-open
pine-oak forest with Pinus engelmanii, P. lumholtzii, Juniperus sp.
21) Canyon of Río Las Vueltas, east of Piélagos 24°43'05"N 105°48'14"W, 1800 m. 1 April 1995 at 11.30 hrs. One bird was heard calling. Very dry old-growth pine-oak forest on steep SE facing slope.
22) Canyon of Arroyo de La Canal, west of Piélagos 24°41'41 N 105°54'05 "W, 2250 m. 14 April 1995 at 9.30 hrs. Three birds calling and 'whistling'. Lush riparian forest with Juniperus sp., Cupressus sp., P. engelmanni, P. ayacahuita, P. durangensis and P. lumholtzii a little above the river.
23) Canyon of Arroyo de La Canal, west of Piélagos 24°40'20"N 105°52'36"W, 2100 m. 3 May 1995 at 17-05 and 19.00 hrs. One female heard and seen calling. Lush riparian forest.
24) Arroyo Tierras Amarillas, close to junction with Arroyo de La Canal 24°40'54'N 105°5 1'52"W, 2200 m. 4 May 1995 at 7.30 hrs. Two birds 'whistling' and calling, one male seen. Old-growth dry open pine-oak forest. The female from report 22 could belong to this same group.
25) Mesa west of Piélagos 24°41'34"N 105°52'19"W, 2440 m. 4 May 1995 at 8.35 hrs. One bird heard calling. Old-growth mesa forest with and P. durangensis.
26) Mesa west of R, One bird heard calling. Same habitat as report 24.
27) Near Piélagos - Otaez road 24°42'05"N 105°52'01"W, 2520 m. 3 May 1995. One bird heard calling. Tall selectively-cut mesa forest.
28) Canyon of Arroyo El Castillo, NE of PWagos 24°50'12"N 105°'50'30"W, 2200 m. 22 April 1995 at 9.50 hrs. One bird 'whistling'. Steep east-facing slope with old-growth dry open pine-oak forest.
29) Canyon of Arroyo El Castillo, NE of Pidlagos 24°52'06"N 105°50'50"W, 2300 m. 22 April 1995 at 1 1.30 hrs. One bird 'whistling'. Steep east-facing slope with old-growth dry open pine-oak forest.
30) Near the main road north of Pidlagos 24°47'12"N 105°54'40"W, 2680 m. 24 April 1995 at 8.00 hrs. One male calling and foraging. The bird used a short hovering flight ("sally-stall") to catch a large moth (wing span approx. 6 cm) from between the green leaves of a pine branch. It took the moth to a horizontal branch, where it banged the moth a few times to the branch, and then ate it completely. Cut over mesa forest with numerous snags left.
31) Arroyo El Porvenir 24°5 1'48"N 105°57'25"W, 2450 rn. 25 April 1995 at 10.30 hm One bird was heard 'whistling'. Lush riparian forest, old-growth, with Juniperus sp., and Pseudotsuga sp..
Las Bufas (figure 13)
32) 24°'48"N 106°09'02"W, 2600 rn. 27 and 29 September and 2 October
1995. No more than 2 Eared Trogons were heard at the same time, calling, flight
call and 'whistling'. Near arroyo in selectively logged mesa forest with Juniperus
sp., Pinus ayacahuite, P. chihuahuana, Quercus sp.
33) 24°21'56"N 106°08'00"W, 2100 m. 29 September 1995. Two birds were heard calling. Steep S-facing slope, old-growth dry open pine-oak forest with Pinus lumhohzil, P. engehnanii..
34) 24°21'58"N 106°06-58"W, 1850 m. 29 September 1995. One bird heard calling. Steep S-facing slope in old-growth canyon.
35) 24°22'53"N 106°07'23"W, 2230 m. 30 September 1995. One adult and one juvenile bird flushed. Old-growth pine-oak forest on ridge with Pinus lumholtzii.
36) 24°22'53"N 106°07'23'W, 2340 rn. 1 October 1995. One bird heard 'whistling'. Old-growth canyon pine-oak forest.
37) 24°22'51"N 106°07'52"W, 2500 m. 1 October 1995. One bird heard 'whistling'. Old-growth canyon pine-oak forest.
38) 24°19'37"N 106°12'43"W, 2500 m. 2 October 1995. Two birds heard calling. Oldgrowth pine-oak forest on ridge with big oaks, pine snags and madrones.
NW Durangg
39) La Tijera 25°32'47"N 106°34'06"W, 2350 in. 27 April 1995. One bird
'whistling'. Secondary dry-open pine-oak forest.
40) Between Osos Bravos and Sta. Gertrudis 25°27'00"N 106°56'3 VW, 2430 m. 11 May 1995 at 15.08 hrs. One bird heard'whistling'. Small fragment (< I km2 ) of oldgrowth mesa forest, many snags.
41) La Tableta 25°25'47 "N 106°56'31 "W, 2200 m. I I May 1995 at 16.27 hrs. Two birds heard and seen calling. Edge of small fragment (< I kin2 ) of old-growth mesa forest.
42) Cerro Pelon 25°45'17"N 107°05'29"W, 2100 m. 14 May 1995 at 9.18 hrs. One bird heard and seen calling. Edge of fragment (6 km2 ) of old-growth mesa forest with many snags.
43) Mesa San Rafael 25°47'29"N 106°38'50"W, 2500 m. 15 May 1995 at 8.05 hrs. One bird 'whistling' and flying around. Village of widely inters ersed houses and groups of ,P pine trees.
44) Quebrada de Pefiol 26°04'31"N 106°07'00"W, 2350 m. 11 to 13 September 1995. Several Eared Trogons were heard calling (no more than one at the time) in old-growth canyon forest with Pinus arizonica and P. lumholtzii on slopes and Juniperus sp. along stream.
Southern Chihuahua
45) South of Pino Gordo,26°24'07"N 106°59'59"W, 2400 m. 15 September
1995. One bird was heard whistling. Secondary pine-oak forest with Juniperus
sp., Pinus ayacahuite and P. chihuahuana.
46) Pino Gordo (figure 16) 26°32'34"N 106°59'58"W, 2380 m. 17 September 1995. One bird was heard calling. Old-growth dry open pine-oak forest.
Central Chihuahua
47) Viewing point (rriirador) at Basaseachic falls 28°'10'05"N 108°12'25"W,
2140 in. 15 August 1995 at 8.45 hrs. One bird heard 'whistling' 100 in south
of parking lot. Steep rocky canyon slope with Pinus arizonica, P. lumholtzii,
Juniperus sp..
48) Near Yoquivo (figure 17) 28°01'58"N 108°02'09"W, 2400 m. 17 August 1995. One bird was heard 'whistling", also flight call. Rocky west facing slope with Pinus ayacahuite and P. lwnholtzii.
49) Rancho Carconeras 28°00'33"N 108°01'41"W, 1950 m. 18 and 20 August 1995. Nest in Pinus ayacahuite snag.
50) Arroyo north-west of Mesa Rechdnachi 27°59'36"N 108°04'16"W, 1900 m. Old- growth canyon forest with Pinus ayacahuite as dominating pine.
Northem Sonora
51) Near El Macho 29°46'32"N 108°47'12"W, 1850 m. 14 July 1995 at 15.18
hrs and 15 July 1995 at 11.14 hrs. One bird was heard calling on both occasions.
Selectively-cut pine-oak forest where big oaks were left.
Northern Chihuahua
52) Los Azules 30°14'06"N 108°33'01"W, 2120 m. 19 July 1995
at 10.45hrs. One bird was heard 'whistling'. Canyon with selectively-logged
pine oak forest.
53) Mesa Las Guacamayas (figure 29) 30°32'13"N 108°37'04"W, 2340 m. 1 August 1995 at 14.32 hrs. Two birds were heard 'whistling'. Canyon with selectively logged pine-oak forest surrounded by secondary forest.
54) Mesa Las Guacamayas (figure 29) 30°32'10"N 108°37'04"W, 2400 m. 2-7 August 1995. Nest in unidentified pine snag. Breeding pair observed and photographed from blind.
55) Mesa Las Guacamayas (figure 29) 30°32'10"N 108°36'28"W, 2490 m. 2 August 1995 at 12.55 hrs. One bird heard 'whistling'. 3 August at 11.04 hrs. One bird calling, one 'whistling'. Both 200 m east of the spot of the observation of 2 August. Old-growth canyon forest domination by Pseudotsuga.
| location (report) | Rancho Carconeras (49) | Mesa las Guacamayas (54) |
| altitude | 1950 m | 2400 m |
| snag or stub | snag | snag |
| species | Pinus ayacahuite | Pinus sp. |
| height tree | 18.0 m | 14.0 m |
| height nest | 17.8 m | 13.1 m |
| diameter tree at breast height | 0.50 m | 0.54 m |
| proportion of trunk covered in bark (estimated) | 60% | 70% |
| orientation slope | 284° | 235° |
| estimated inclination slope | 5% | 30% |
| vegitation (number of trees higher than 2 m in a circular plot with a diameter of 20 m around nesting tree) | P. ayacahuite 18, P.arizonica 9, Cupressus sp. 3, Arbutus arizonica 8 Juniperus sp. 14, Quercus sp. 26 |
P. ayacahuite 6, Pseudotsuga sp. 22, Quercus sp. 5 |
Table 4. Measurements of Eared Trogon nest trees
Tabla 4. Medidas de los árboles con nidos de Coa Silbadora
appendix 3:
Observations of Tufted Jay, Spotted Owl and Golden Eagle
Tufted Jay Cyanocorax dickeyi
Southern Durangg
1) Road between Cofradfa and Calaveras 23°16'39"N 105°24'30"W, 2120
m. 19 February 1995 at 14.00 hrs. Group of about 10 Tufted Jays with both adults
and fist year birds accompanied by two Steller's Jays. Secondary open pine-oak
forest.
2) El Gallo (figure 11) 23°13'14"N 105°26'55"W, 2000 m. 23 February 1995 at 15.00 hrs.. Group moving up along arroyo, two adults seen flying. Lush oak forest in dry environment. On the same spot a group of Tufted Jays was heard on 21 February at 09.30 hrs..
3) Along the road that crosses the sanctuary for the Tufted Jay near Calaveras (figure 11) 23°08'09"N 105°22'16"W, 2200 in. 20-26 February 1995. At least 5 different groups were present. Old-growth (canyon) fir forest with lush vegetation along arroyos.
Western Durango
4) Mexiquillo (figure 12) 23°42'12"N 105°40'55"W, 2200m. 5 March 1995
at 14.45 hrs.. Small group of 3 or 4 birds, silent. Old-growth canyon forest
of pines and firs, more luxuriant vegetation along arroyo.
Las Bufas and surroundingg (figure 13)
5) Arroyo La Vinata north of Guachimetas de Abajo 24°27'39"N 106°07'00"W,
2120 m. 15 March 1995. Two birds in riparian forest with fir Abies sp., no large
trees.
6) Arroyo La Vinata north of Guachimetas de Abajo 24°27'26"N 106°07'06"W, 2200 m. 15 March 1995. Two birds, same vegetation as location 5.
7) Arroyo El Sacrificio East of San Bias 24°27'42"N 106°08'31"W, 2160 m.15 March 1995 at 10. 15 hrs.. One bird heard and seen flying. Disturbed pine-oak forest, stands of fir.
8) Arroyo El Palmito (or El Granizo) west of San Bias 24°27'40"N 106°08'5 1 "W, 2140 m of elevation on 15 March 1995 at 11.20 hrs.. Three birds in lush riparian forest with big pines and firs, in dry canyon.
9) Road to Carboneras 24°12'42"N 105°57'43"W, 2100 m. 16 March 1995 at 14.30 hrs. At least 3 adult birds in canyon with old-growth pine and fir forest.
10) Las Bufas 24°21'38"N 106°07'00"W, 1890 m. 29 and 30 September 1995. Group of 9 Tufted Jays, aniong them at least one juvenile. Old-growth canyon pine-oak forest with palms and many bromelias, Pinus ayacahuite.
11) Las Bufas 24°'20'19"N 106°12'43"W, 2520 m. 2 October 1995. Group of 3 Tufted Jays. Ridge with old-growth pine-oak forest. Big oaks and some madroffos.
Spotted Owl Strix occidentalis
1) Monte Oscuro (figure 10) 23°'17'50"N 104°58'42"W, 2050 in. 26 January 1995 at 00.30 hrs. One bird was heard calling. Old-growth canyon forest (steep north facing slope with open pine-oak forest near lush riparian forest).
2) Las Bufas (figure 13) 24°22'53"N 106°07'23"W, 2343 m. I October 1995 at 5.23 hrs. One bird heard calling. Old-growth canyon forest.
3) East of Chonacata, northern Jalisco 22°09'42"N 103°5345"W, 2500 m. 16 October 1996 at 21.30 hrs. One bird heard calling. Secondary dry-open pine-oak forest.
4) El Carricito (figure 7) 21°50'20"N 103°52'26"W, m. IS October 1995 at 19.35 hrs. One bird was heard calling. Old-growth pine-oak forest, transition between mesa forest and dry-open forest.
Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos
SW Durango
1) La Formación (figure 11) 23°27'28"N 105°36'50"W, 2WO m. 13
February 1995 at 10.30 hrs.. Two birds flying over rocky canyons with thin pines.
2) La Formaci6n (figure 11) 23'26'42"N 105'36'24"W, 2000 m. 13 February 1995
at 14.30 hrs.. One bird flying over a forested canyon. Might involve one of
the birds seen at location I (distance 1.5 km). According to Mr. Hilarion Guerrero
of La Fonnaci6n at least two pairs of Golden Eagles breed in the vicinity of
that village.
3) El Gallo (figure 11) 23°13'49"N 105°29'22"W, 1900 m. 22 February 1995 at 14.00 hrs.. One bird briefly perched, flew when harassed by two Ravens. Dry canyon country.
Central Duranzo
4) Piélagos, Mesa del Aguila (figure 14) 24°40'20"N 105°52'56"W,
2450 m. 29 April two birds flying, 3 May 1995 one bird flying. Steep canyon
with old-growth forest in canyon and on surrounding mesa.
Northern- alisco
5) El Carricito (figure 7) 21°47'55"N 103°53'02"W, 2450 m. 11 October
1995. Two birds flying. Steep cliffs that make up the eastern slope of the mesa
of El Carricito.
In addition, Guadalupe Bejerano reported the Golden Eagle in Sierra Tabaco, northern Sonora (figure 18).
Birds observed at 12 locations in the Sierra Madre Occidental
Only locations are listed where three or more days of fieldwork were carried out, so the lists will be somewhat representative for the birds that can be found at each location. The lists are far from complete inventories, however. Even during the last of 27 days in Pidlagos, new species were added to the local list. Apart from time constraints, factors that make the lists incomplete are the inexperience of the observers with the birds of the Sierra Madre Occidental, especially during the first months of the fieldwork, and seasonal influences. English, scientific and Spanish names follow Howell and Webb (I 995).
Locations
A: Sierra de los Huicholes, northern Jalisco (figure 7) 21°47'N 103°54W.
Field days: 18 (27.11.1994 - 3.12.1994 and 17.12.1994 - 24.12.1994 and 17.10.199519.10.1995).
Old-growth mesa pine-oak (hereafter: p.o.) forest at 2500 m, old-growth dry
open p-o. forest at 2300 m, grasslands and shrubs at 1500m.
B: La Formación, SW Durango (figure II) 23°27'N 105°45'W. Field days: 6 (11.2.1995-16.2.1995). Old-growth dry open p.o. forest at 2000 m.
C: Calaveras, S Durango (figure 11) 23°03'N 105°23'W. Field days: 8 (19.2.1995 - 26.2.1995). Altered but mature p.o. forest with Abies.
D: La Ciudad - Mexiquillo, SW Durango (figure 12) 23°'42'N 105°39'W. Field days: 4 (1.3.1995 - 3.3.1995 and 5.3.1995). Secondary mesa forest at 2600 m and old-growth canyon p.o. forest at 2300 m.
E: Las Bufas - San Blas, central-W Durango (figure 13) 24°13'N 105°58'W. Field days: 13 (10.3.1995 - 16.3.1995 and 26.9.1995 - 1.10.1995). Secondary mesa forest at 2700 m, old-growth p.o canyon forest at 2000 - 2500 m.
F: Pidlagos, central Durango (figure 14) 24°42'N 105°54'W. Field days: 27 (30.3.1995 - 2.4.1995 and 12.4.1995 - 5.5.1995). Old-growth mesa forest at 2500 m, old-growth canyon forest at 2 100 in, grasslands around village.
G: Rancho El Gavihin, northern Chihuahua 30°02'N 108°30'W. Field days: 13 (1.7.1995 - 13.7.1995). Secondary dry open p-o. forest at 1800 m.
H: Sierra Tabaco, northern Sonora (figure 18) 30°04'N 108°43'W. Field days: 9 (21.7.1995 - 29.7.1995). Old-growth canyon forest at 1900 m.
I: Mesa las Guacamayas, northern Chihuahua (figure 29) 30°33'N 108°37N. Field days: 7 (1.8.1995 - 7.8.1995). Secondary mesa forest with mature stands of Pseudotsuga.
J: Mesa RechAnachi , central Chihuahua (figure 17) 27°5 8'N 108°'04'W. Field days: 4 (17.8.1995 - 20.8.1995). Old-growth dry open p.o. forest.
K: Quebrada de Peffol, NW Durango (figure 15) 26°05'N 106°307'W. Field days: 3 ( 11.9.1995 - 13.9.1995). Old-growth canyon forest at 2300 m.
L: Pino Gordo, S Chihuahua (figure 16) 26°32'N 107°01'W. Field days: 5 (15.9.1995 - 19.9.1995). Unlogged but altered mesa- and dry open p.o. forest at 2200 m.
Appendix 5: Ground truthing of old-growth areas predicted by analysis of Landsat images
The abbreviation SC means prediction by the supervised classification analysis (computer generated), DS means prediction by Dana Slaymaker (by experts eye).
1) Area between Pinos Altos and Ocampo, central Chihuahua (28°131N 108°20,W). Predicted (SC and over flight): large old-growth area. Found: selectively logged mesa forest. There was a dense network of logging roads and most larger pines and snags had been cut. The area still holds many big non-commercial conifers (Abiis', Pseudotsuga and Cupressus) which are probably responsible for the old-growth prediction.
2) Area around and west of Santa Edu central Chihuahua (28°11'50'N wiges' 108°02'45"W). Predicted (SC and over flight): old-growth with large conifers. People living 5 kmfrom the area told a sawmill, El Cuervo, has been operating in this area for 40 years. It seems out of the question old-growth could remain within 10 km of a paved highway.
3) Canyon of Agua Blanca, NW Durango (25°47N 106°46'W). Predicted (DS): oldgrowth. Found: 2 km2 primary canyon forest, rich in snags (this old-growth. area is over I krn2 and should therefore have been included in the list on page 17).
4) Canyons west and south of Mesa Rechdnachi labelled Earlobe Mesa" by the Sonoran Institute, central Chihuahua (27°58'N 108°04'W, figure 17). Predicted (SC and aerial survey): old-growth with very large conifers. Found: primary canyon forest with biggest conifers max. 50 cm d.b.h.. The area is scheduled to be opened and logged by the ejido of Yoquivo in 1997 or 1998.
5) Belt of canyons running from the river El Agua Fría 10 km NWN to Cerro pel6n (25°45'17"N 107°05'29"W), southernmost Chihuahua. Predicted (DS): old-growth. Found: primary canyon forest, which was being logged at the moment of visiting.
6) Area S and SE of El Tecuan , NW Durango. Predicted (DS): small ockets of old-growth. Found: three pockets of mesa forest ' all smaller than I km2 (between Osos Bravos and Sta. Gertrudis 25°27'00"N 10°56'31"W La Tableta 25°25'47"N 106°56'31 "W, La Soledad 25°00'20"N 106°46'00"W. In addition, the canyon just east of La Soledad holds primary forest).
7) Area between Frailecillos and Rfo Colorado, NW Durango (25°32'47"N 106°34'06'W). Predicted (DS): old-growth. Found: Selectively-logged dry open pineoak forest.
8) Area just east of Quebrada de Peflol (26°07'N 106°07'W, figure 15). Predicted (DS): old-growth. Found: secondary dry-open pine-oak forest.
Existing old-growth forests in the area covered by the Landsat images nol predicted by the analysis:
(1) Pino Gordo, figure 17. Dry open pine-oak forest 154.0 km2, mesa forest 0.6 km2.
(2) Quebrada de Peflol, figure 15. Canyon forest 29.8 km2.
(3) Cerro Pelon, southernmost Chihuahua. A belt of approx. 6 km2 of mesa forest runs from 25°45'17"N 107°05'29'W north-west to 25°48'00"N 107°06'58"W. This area was scheduled to be logged in the winter of 1995-1996.
(4) Basaseachic National Park. Dry open pine-oak forest 17.8 km2, canyon forest 3.2 km2.
(5) Mesa Recliánachi. Dry open pine-oak forest 9.8 km2. The primary vegetation on "Earlobe Mesa" itself was not predicted in the analysis, on y the adjacent canyon forest.
The phonetic descriptions follow the Spanish pronunciation rules.
| Imperial Woodpecker | |
| jutai, plural jutdish | Huichol language, noted in Ratontita. Known only to Akaeteamey (or Eusevio), age 88* |
| relao | Tarahumara language, noted in Pino Gordo (figure 16) |
| rilao | Tarahumara language, noted in Yerbitas, southern Chihuahua |
| cumeoócari. | Tarahumara language, recorded by Pennington (1963) |
| corachica | Tarahumara language, recorded by Uranga and Venegas (1995) in the Guachochi region |
| rerawi | Tarahumara language, recorded by Uranga and Venegas (1995) in the Mesa de Arturo region |
| ua gam | Tepehuan language, noted in Santa Marfa de OcotAn, southern Durango |
| pitoreal | Used all over the Sierra Madre Occidental. It is the only name used by non-indians and applied over remarkably large area. Normally there is a wide geographical variation in bird names. In 1777 this name was already used by Franciscans in southern Chihuahua (page 34). The Pale-billed Woodpecker Campephilus guatemalensis is often named pitoreal as well. |
*)This man did not know (nor did any other Huichol) a version of a Huichol legend described by Lumholtz (1903: vol. 2, p. 108). It is about the Imperial Woodpecker and the Grey Squirrel protecting the sun during its first journey across the sky, and the 1, woodpecker subsequently carrying the colour of the sun on his crest. Akaeteamey said in the version he knew this role is for the Vermillion Flycatcher Pyrocephalus rubinus, another bird with strikingly red plumage and still common today.
| Thick-billed Parrot | |
| cacdhuame, plural cacdhuametsish guacamaya, some-times abbreviated to guaca perico | Huichol language, noted in Rancho Bolantfn (figure 7) |
| Northern Durango and Chihuahua | |
| Southern and central Durango. In this part of the country guacamaya is used for the Military Macaw. Perico is often used for the Lilac-crowned Parrot as well. |
| Eared Trogon | |
| chawkwita, plural chawkwitas tucha | Huichol language, noted in Rancho Bolantin (figure 7) |
| pavillon coa | Tarahumara language, noted in Pino Gordo (figure 16). This is a phonetic description of the wheeeuh chk call. Yoquivo, central Chihuahua Used all over the Sierra Madre Occidental for the Eared Trogon as P. well as for the Mountain Trogon and Elegant Trogon, between which no distinction is made usually Noted in La Tijera, NW Durango. This seems the most natural Spanish name ("whistling trogon") and is used throughout this study in the Spanish translations |
| coa silbadora |