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Giant Panda
Emblem of hope for a nation and global biodiversity
Common Name: Giant panda; Panda Géant (Fr); Panda gigante (Sp);
Scientific Name: Ailuropoda melanoleuca
Habitat: Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests
Location: Southwest China (Gansu, Shaanxi, and Sichuan Provinces) to the east of the Tibetan plateau.
Population: Approximately 1,600 individuals in the wild
Background
© WWF-Canon/ Michel GUNTHER
The giant panda is universally loved, and of course has a special significance for WWF as it has been the organization's symbol since it was formed in 1961.
Today, the giant panda's future remains uncertain. This peaceful, bamboo-eating member of the bear family faces a number of threats. Its forest habitat, in the mountainous areas of southwest China, is fragmented and giant panda populations are small and isolated from each other. Meanwhile, poaching remains an ever-present threat.
Over 50 reserves created
By mid-2005, the Chinese government had established over 50 panda reserves, protecting more than 4,000 square miles and over 45 percent of remaining giant panda habitat.
However, habitat destruction continues to pose a threat to the many pandas living outside these areas, and poaching is a further problem. Today, only around 61 percent of the population, or about 980 pandas, are under protection in reserves. As China's economy continues its rapid development, it is more important than ever to ensure the giant panda's survival.
WWF on the ground
WWF has been active in giant panda conservation since 1980, when it supported U.S. scientist Dr. George Schaller and his Chinese colleagues in field studies in the Wolong Nature Reserve. WWF was the first international conservation organization to work in China at the Chinese Government's invitation.
More recently, WWF has been helping the government of China to undertake its National Conservation Program for the giant panda and its habitat. This programme has made significant progress: Reserves for this species cover more than 6,000 square miles of forest in and around their habitat. The latest survey (released in 2004) revealed that there are 1,600 individuals estimated to remain in the wild.
Physical Description
Pandas have a white coat with black fur around their eyes, on their ears, muzzle, legs and shoulders. The unique physical features of the species include broad, flat molars and an enlarged wrist bone that functions as an opposable thumb - both of these adaptations are used for holding, crushing and eating bamboo.
Giant pandas are classified as bears and have the digestive system of a carnivore, but they have adapted to a vegetarian diet and depend almost exclusively on bamboo as a food source.
Pandas live mainly on the ground but have the ability to climb trees as well. While the species does not hibernate, it often relocates to lower altitudes in the winter and spring.
Size
Giant pandas are about 5 feet long from nose to rump, with a 4-6 inch tail. A large adult panda can weigh about 220-330 pounds, with males 10 percent larger and 20 percent heavier than females.
Color
Distinctive black and white coat.
Habitat
Major habitat type
Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests
Biogeographic realm
Palearctic
Range States
China
Geographical Location
Southwest China (Gansu, Shaanxi, and Sichuan Provinces) to the east of the Tibetan plateau.
Ecological Region
Temperate Forests of the Upper Yangtze.
Why is this species important?
Panda habitat is found at the top of the Yangtze Basin, an ecoregion shared by both pandas and millions of people whose ancestors have utilized the region's natural resources for millennia. The Basin is the geographic and economic heart of China, and is one of the critical regions for biodiversity conservation in the world. Its diverse habitats contain many rare, endemic and endangered animal and plant species, the best known being the giant panda. Economic benefits derived from the Yangtze Basin include tourism, subsistence fisheries and agriculture, transport, hydropower and water resources.
The survival of the panda and the protection of its habitat will ensure that people living in the region continue to reap ecosystem benefits for many generations.
Interesting Facts
A giant panda may consume 26-83 pounds of bamboo a day to meet its energy requirements.
Danger Watch
A species relative risk of extinction, as determined by the IUCN - The World Conservation Union. More
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Extinct
No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
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Extinct in the Wild
Known only to survive in cultivation, in captivity or as a naturalized population.
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Critically Endangered
Facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
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Endangered
Facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
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Vulnerable
Facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
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Near Threatened
Likely to qualify for a threatened category in the near future.
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Least Concern
Does not qualify for Critically Endangered, Endagnered, Vulnerable or Near Threatened
Related Information
Species News and Updates
WWF Experts
Karen Baragona
Priority Leader
Yangtze River Basin Conservation Program
"Our success in the Yangtze stems from strong partnerships and a shared goal - protecting this natural treasure."
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Panda maps
Panda Habitat Map
WWF is trying to re-link these fragmented blocks of panda habitat with forested corridors so that pandas can move across these "islands" and find new food sources and mates when needed.
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Historical Panda Distribution
While giant pandas once roamed much of Southern China, they are now confined to isolated patches on six mountain ranges.
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