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Indian Elephant
Widely distributed but endangered
Common Name: Indian elephant, Asian elephant ; Eléphant d'Inde(Fr); Elefante Asiático(Sp)
Scientific Name: Elephas maximus indicus
Location: South Asia, eastern Asia
Population: 20,000-25,000
Background
© WWF-Canon / Jeff FOOTT
Distributed from India, where it occurs in largest numbers, to Borneo, where only small vestigial populations persist, the Indian elephant plays an important ecological and cultural role in Asia.
WWF's efforts for elephants in South Asia include limiting human impacts on elephant populations in the Western Terai, India, while activities carried out in some of the priority landscapes in the south Asia like Nilgiris-Eastern Ghats, Terai Arc and North Bank landscapes aim to prevent further habitat loss and, most importantly, lower anger levels against elephants.
Through the Asian Rhinos and Elephants Action Strategy (AREAS), WWF invests each year into anti-poaching operations, and the programme is currently helping to develop an anti-poaching strategy.
Physical Description
Distinct anatomical differences from mainland Asian elephants have prompted some taxonomists to give the Bornean elephant subspecies status.
Despite these differences, often rumoured but never studied, stories persist that Borneo's elephant population may have originated from domesticated elephants released by either the Sultan of Brunei or the Sultan of Sulu, adding a special twist to the mystique of these elephants.
The peculiarly restricted distribution on Borneo, the lack of truly fossilised remains and the lack of indigenous names for the species elsewhere on the island, lend credence to this theory but do not confirm it.
Colour
The skin colour of Asian elephants is dark grey to brown, with patches of pink on the forehead, the ears, the base of the trunk and chest.
Habitat
Biogeographic realm
Indo-Malayan
Range States
Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, India, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Viet Nam
Geographical Location
South Asia, eastern Asia
Ecological Region
Eastern Deccan Plateau Moist Forests, Chhota-Nagpur Dry Forests, Kayah-Karen / Tenasserim Moist Forests, Northeast Borneo, Peninsular Malaysian Lowland and Mountain Forests, Cardamom Mountains Moist Forests, Indochina Dry Forests, Annamite Range Moist Forests, Mekong River, Northern Indochina Subtropical Moist Forests, Salween River , Southwestern Ghats Moist Forests.
Why is this species important?
According to Indian mythology, as the Gods (Deva) and the demons (Asura) churned the oceans for the elixir of life - 'amrit' (nectar) - so that they would become immortal, the 'navratnas' (nine jewels) surfaced.
One of these was the elephant. Consequently, the elephant is extremely valued, and therefore must be preserved and protected, just as a jewel would be. In many places across India, elephants are worshipped as Lord Ganesha (he is represented as a human form with an elephant head), and one prays to this deity before an undertaking in order to remove obstacles.
Interesting Facts
When grasses are too short to be picked up with its trunk, the elephant scrapes the ground with its forefeet until a loose pile of grasses is formed, then sweeps the pile into its mouth with the "hand" of the trunk.
Danger Watch
A species relative risk of extinction, as determined by the IUCN - The World Conservation Union. More
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Extinct
No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
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Extinct in the Wild
Known only to survive in cultivation, in captivity or as a naturalized population.
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Critically Endangered
Facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
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Endangered
Facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
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Vulnerable
Facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
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Near Threatened
Likely to qualify for a threatened category in the near future.
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Least Concern
Does not qualify for Critically Endangered, Endagnered, Vulnerable or Near Threatened
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