Southern Chile

The isolated "island" quality of the region is reflected in the peculiarity of the species found here. The flora is highly unique, about 50 percent of which is endemic – found nowhere else on Earth. Off the coast in the Gulf of Corcovado, 31 diverse marine mammal species have been identified.

A blue whale diving off the coast of Chile.
© WWF-Canon/Pieter LAGENDYK

Blue whale
In 2003, scientists discovered a population of blue whales feeding and nursing off the coast in the Gulf of Corcovado.The endangered blue whale is the largest animal on Earth and their discovery in southern Chile creates an opportunity to strengthen tourism in the region. An ecotourism industry related to whale watching will protect not only whales, but other marine species in the area such as Chilean dolphins and South American fur seals while at the same time providing income to local communities.

© WWF/David Tecklin

Alerce tree
The alerce tree is the southern hemisphere's equivalent of the ancient redwood of the Pacific Northwest. These trees can reach diameters of 13 feet and live for more than 3,000 years - making it the second-longest living organism on Earth. The alerce is officially protected under CITES - the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna - yet it continues to be illegally logged.

© WWF/Annelore Hoffens

Araucaria tree
The araucaria, commonly known as the "monkey puzzle" tree, is one of the oldest trees on Earth. Their spiny foliage is believed to have provided fodder for dinosaurs that once roamed the region. Araucaria are emblematic of the Pehuenche people, who have protected and used the seed - called piñions - as a primary food source for centuries. With its unique formation and leaves, araucaria are often planted in city parks and gardens. Current estimates indicate that 48 percent of araucaria forests have been lost to illegal logging and fires.