|
|
Many endemic fish and crab species live in the freshwater systems of the Greater Antillean Freshwater ecoregion. Unlike those of most island freshwater streams, the species found in Greater Antillean streams generally have not evolved from marine species. Rather, they are more closely related to species found in North and South America. With New World crocodiles, unique fish and crab, and unexplored caves, the Greater Antillean rivers are rich in species. Follow these rivers from lush mountains through green valleys, rocky hills, coastal plains, and marshlands, to discover an amazing diversity of life. At least 70 fish species and seven crab species can be found here.
This ecoregion has a large number of endemic species, with at least 70 species of native freshwater fishes, many of which are restricted to individual river basins. The livebearer fish family Poecillidae, with five genera and over 40 fish species, dominates the fish fauna. Seven species of freshwater crabs from one genus are endemic to Cuba. Caves and associated underground streams on these islands are a largely unexplored habitat type where more endemic freshwater species are likely to be discovered. Antillean freshwater fish include the Cuban gar, Hispaniolan gambusia, green rivulus, and Hispaniola pupfish. The most threatened New World crocodile survives in the Zapata Swamp, located in southwestern Cuba. The widespread American crocodile also occurs in this ecoregion.
Clearing of forests and conversion of land to agriculture are major threats to the integrity of the freshwater systems of the islands. Growing human populations put pressure on these freshwater systems through discharge of untreated sewage and other pollutants resulting from urban development. Introduction of exotic species, particularly fish called tilapia, have been detrimental to native fish populations.
|
