Description
Location and General Description
This arid ecoregion is located in Pakistan's Indus Valley. The foothills of the Glaiman Range and the Chenab River define its western and eastern limits, respectively.
The extreme annual temperature variations can range from near-freezing in the winter to highs of more than 45(C during the summer. Annual rainfall averages from 640 to 760 mm (Grewal 1992), which is slightly more than in the Thar Desert.
The vegetation is greatly influenced by the extreme climatic regime. The desert thorn scrub vegetation is characterized by isolated clumps of Prosopis spp., Salvadora oleoides and Caparis spp., and taller thorn-scrub forests of Acacia spp., Tamarix spp., Albizzia lebbek, and Morus alba (Grewal 1992).
Biodiversity Features
This desert ecoregion is not high in richness or endemism, but it does harbor a few large vertebrates that can serve as focal species for conservation. These include the wolf (Canis lupus), hyena (Hyaena hyaena), caracal (Felis caracal), leopard (Panthera pardus), and Punjab urial (Ovis orientalis punjabensis). The overall mammal fauna consists of thirty-two species, but none are endemic to the ecoregion.
Bird richness is higher, with 190 species, but none are considered endemic species.
Current Status
The single protected area covers more than 13,000 km2, or almost 70 percent of the ecoregion area (table 1).
Table 1. WCMC (1997) Protected Areas That Overlap with the Ecoregion.
Protected Area Area (km2) IUCN Category
Thal 13,290 UA
Ecoregion numbers of protected areas that overlap with additional ecoregions are listed in brackets.
Types and Severity of Threats
Because the harsh climate is unsuited for settlement, agriculture, and livestock grazing, direct human threats are not as significant as in other ecoregions.
Justification of Ecoregion Delineation
MacKinnon (1997) placed the deserts of northwestern India and Pakistan into four subunits (I3a-d). We reclassified these subunits into eight ecoregions based on the extent of distinctive habitat of regional spatial scales. Using MacKinnon's biounit framework and his digital map of original habitat, we delineated the desert habitat in subunit I3c as the Indus Valley Desert [IM1302]. Both the Rann of Kutch Seasonal Salt Marsh [IM0901] and the Indus Valley Desert [IM1302] lie within Udvardy's Thar Desert biogeographic province.
References
References for this ecoregion are currently consolidated in one document for the entire Indo-Pacific realm.
Indo-Pacific Reference List
Prepared by: Gopal S. Rawat and Eric D. Wikramanayake
Reviewed by: