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Plowprint Report

WWF's Plowprint Report monitors grassland plow-up across North America, assesses agricultural impacts on biodiversity, and guides sustainable land use planning.

An aerial view of a red tractor moving across overturned soil.

© Shutterstock

For nearly a decade, WWF's Plowprint Report has analyzed grassland conversion. After pausing last year's analysis, we're pleased to share the 2026 Plowprint Report—the most comprehensive edition we've ever produced. It finds that an estimated 1.8 million acres of grasslands and other open lands in North America were converted to row crops in 2023—roughly 149,000 acres a month. The Canadian Prairies accounted for 1.15 million acres, the contiguous US for 446,000, and Mexico for 204,000.

This year's report reflects the most sweeping revision to our methods in the analysis's history. We extended the historical lookback in the United States to 1986 to better distinguish decades-old conversion from recent plow-up. We also built the model independently for the United States, Canada, and Mexico, making this the first continental Plowprint. Because the methods have changed, this year's estimates should not be compared directly with those in earlier reports.

An aerial view of a large expanse of dirt with some vehicles in the foreground and mountians in the background

© Chris Boyer / Kestrel Aerial / WWF-US

The report lays out five policy priorities for North American grasslands, with approaches that work from the individual rancher to the federal level. Highlights include expanding Sodsaver nationwide, reauthorizing and strengthening the Conservation Reserve Program, creating a dedicated program to restore marginal cropland for grazing, and funding the technical assistance that ranchers and Tribes need. It also calls for passing the North American Grasslands Conservation Act and the Indian Buffalo Management Act. Together, these steps would remove incentives that make plowing grassland a rational financial decision and strengthen the programs that help landowners keep grass in grass or restore previously plowed ground.

The need for these solutions is urgent. Grasslands are still being plowed, and the people and wildlife who depend on them continue to be impacted. Younger producers struggle to assume the role of grassland stewards as prohibitively high prices often make rangeland too expensive to purchase or lease. Grassland-dependent birds continue to face the steepest population declines of any group of birds. Pollinators that rely on grasslands, like the Southern Plains bumble bee, have reached endangered status on the IUCN Red List. The Plowprint Report shows where grasslands are being lost, and the choices we make now will determine how many of these vital habitats will exist for future generations. Fortunately, as the policy recommendations highlight, we have the opportunity to make choices and investments that can protect and restore these vital grasslands and support the grassland managers who can keep them healthy.

An aerial view of a tractor driving over a large swathe of converted land with unconverted grasslands in the background

WWF's 2026 Plowprint Report: Policy Breakout

WWF’s Plowprint Report Policy Breakout outlines the federal, state, and Tribal policy changes needed to reduce grassland conversion and accelerate restoration across North America.

© Chris Boyer / Kestrel Aerial / WWF-US