Sand Mafias: Environmental Harm, Corruption and Economic Impacts

This presentation is from a TNRC virtual panel on June 14, 2021 in which speakers from Kenya and India discussed an understudied, yet environmentally devastating trend: the unsustainable mining of river sand, facilitated by corruption, that feeds the global construction boom while destroying habitats and livelihoods and fueling conflict.

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This content is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID, the United States Government, or individual TNRC consortium members.