The Geopolitics of the Ocean

The United States is a maritime nation. Forward-thinking and well-managed ocean governance is an essential pillar of the country’s prosperity, security, and global influence. But overexploitation, environmental degradation, poor or insufficient governance, and illegal activities are eroding this foundation—creating risks of conflict, fueling organized crime, and threatening American economic competitiveness.

Shaped by advisors from the military, security, and development sectors, this report reframes ocean health as a geopolitical and national security priority. It outlines strategic shifts needed to secure peace, strengthen U.S. resilience, and bolster long-term security and prosperity for the American people:

• Renew maritime leadership by integrating ocean policy into national security strategies.
• Strengthen global partnerships to counter IUU fishing and enforce maritime law.
• Expand public-private collaboration to finance sustainable ocean solutions.

This report was convened by WWF and The International Conservation Caucus Foundation (ICCF).